Evidence Showing Childhood Vaccinations Are Causing Autism and Other Intellectual Disabilities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56098/xx404j13Keywords:
adjuvant, autism, clinical trials, causality, Bradford Hill criteria, surveillance, unreliable safety data, vaccines do not cause autism, vaccines are safe and effectiveAbstract
The association between vaccines and neurodevelopmental disorders has been referred to by the recently re-elected US President Donald Trump and his new Secretary of Health and Human Services, Robert F Kennedy Jr. The question is re-opened in this issue of the IJVTPR challenging the claim by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that “vaccines do not cause autism”. This paper reviews preclinical and clinical data, and outlines genetic susceptibilities to toxicants known to be causally associated with intellectual disabilities. Based on the pertinent scientific literature, and my own clinical experience as an MD, the positive association of autism with vaccines is getting more and more difficult to deny. The Bradford Hill criteria, which require temporal connection, significant magnitude of injury, consistency of similar cases across groups, systematic elimination of other possible causes, evidence of dose dependence, and the existence of a plausible theoretical explanation to demonstrate a true causal relationship, are all met. According to the CDC the prevalence of autism was about 1 in 150 children in 2000 and by 2020 it had risen to 1 in 36. Given the alarmingly rapid increase in autism and neurodevelopmental disorders, policymakers, health authorities, and parents should take seriously the message from the independent scientific community about the dangers of vaccines.
References
Aldén, M., Olofsson Falla, F., Yang, D., Barghouth, M., Luan, C., Rasmussen, M., & De Marinis, Y. (2022). Intracellular reverse transcription of Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in vitro in human liver cell line. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 44(3), 1115–1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44030073
American Psychiatric Association. (2025). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders | Psychiatry Online. DSM Library. https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Anonymous, doctor, Finland, name known to Croatian Whistleblower Association. (2023). Reported adverse reactions and falsified evaluation of the causal relationships. 4th International multidisciplinary symposium with international participation, pp 45-49, November 18th-19th, 2023, Vukovar, Hvratska. https://www.calameo.com/read/006649539cfcdac2da49d
Asín, J., Molín, J., Pérez, M., Pinczowski, P., Gimeno, M., Navascués, N., Muniesa, A., de Blas, I., Lacasta, D., Fernández, A., de Pablo, L., Mold, M., Exley, C., de Andrés, D., Reina, R., & Luján, L. (2018). Granulomas following subcutaneous injection with aluminum adjuvant-containing products in sheep. Veterinary Pathology, 300985818809142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985818809142
Asín, J., Pascual-Alonso, M., Pinczowski, P., Gimeno, M., Pérez, M., Muniesa, A., de Pablo-Maiso, L., de Blas, I., Lacasta, D., Fernández, A., de Andrés, D., Reina, R., & Luján, L. (2020). Cognition and behavior in sheep repetitively inoculated with aluminum adjuvant-containing vaccines or aluminum adjuvant only. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 203, 110934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110934
ASPR — Administration for Stategic Preparedness & Response. (2020-2024). PREP Act | Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act. https://aspr.hhs.gov:443/legal/PREPact/Pages/default.aspx
Attkisson, S. (2025, March 17). Special Investigation: Govt. deception over thimerosal in vaccines linked to neurodevelopmental harm in children. Sharyl Attkisson. https://sharylattkisson.com/2025/03/special-investigation-govt-deception-over-thimerosal-in-vaccines-linked-to-neurodevelopmental-harm-in-children/
Barrett, J.R. (2005). Thimerosal and animal brains: new data for assessing human ethylmercury risk. Environ Health Perspect. 113(8): A543–A544. PMCID: PMC1280369. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1280369/
Becerra, T. A., Wilhelm, M., Olsen, J., Cockburn, M., & Ritz, B. (2013). Ambient air pollution and autism in Los Angeles County, California. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(3), 380–386. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205827
Bellavite, P., Donzelli, A., & Isidoro, C. (2024). The WHO algorithm for causality assessment of adverse effects following immunization with genetic-based anti-COVID-19 vaccines: pitfalls and suggestions for improvement. J Clin Med. 13(23):7291. Doi: 10.3390/jcm13237291. PMID: 39685749; PMCID: PMC11642405. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11642405/
Bernard, S., Enayati, A., Roger, H. et al. (2002). The role of mercury in the pathogenesis of autism. Mol Psychiatry 7 (Suppl 2), S42–S43. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001177 https://www.nature.com/articles/4001177
Bjelogrlic-Laakso, N., Aaltonen, S., Dorn, T., & Arvio, M. (2014). Editorial: Need for special units for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disabilities. Acta Psychiatr Scand 130(2):77-9. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acps.12282/epdf
Boretti, A. (2021). Reviewing the association between aluminum adjuvants in the vaccines andautism spectrum disorder. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 66:126764. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126764. Epub 2021 Apr 27. PMID: 33930617. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33930617/
Caldarelli, M., Rio, P., Giambra, V., Gasbarrini, A., Gambassi, G., & Cianci, R. (2024). ASIA Syndrome: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Vaccines (Basel). 12(10):1183. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12101183. PMID: 39460349; PMCID: PMC11511404. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39460349/
Carter, C.J., & Blizard, R.A. (2016). Autism genes are selectively targeted by environmental pollutants including pesticides, heavy metals, bisphenol A, phthalates and many others in food, cosmetics or household products. Neurochem Int. 27: S0197-0186(16)30197-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.011. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 27984170. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27984170/
Centers for Disease and Control (CDC). (2024). Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder. https://www.cdc.gov/autism/data-research/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.). Thimerosal and vaccines. Retrieved February 19, 2025, from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/thimerosal.html
Clements, C.J., Ball, L.K., Ball, R., & Pratt, R.D. (2001). Thimerosal in vaccines: is removal warranted? Drug Saf. 24(8):567-74. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200124080-00001. PMID: 11480489. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11480489/
Committee on the Assessment of Studies of Health Outcomes Related to the Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Institute of Medicine. (2013 Mar 27.). The Childhood Immunization Schedule and Safety: Stakeholder Concerns, Scientific Evidence, and Future Studies. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); Existing Data Sources and Systems. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK206945/
Crépeaux, G., Authier, F.J., Exley, C., Luján, L, & Gherardi, R.K. (2020). The role of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines raises issues that deserve independent, rigorous and honest science. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 62:126632. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126632. Epub 2020 Aug 1. PMID: 32823165. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823165/
Davidson, M. (2017). Vaccination as a cause of autism-myths and controversies. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 19(4):403-407. Doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.4/mdavidson. PMID: 29398935; PMCID: PMC5789217. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5789217/
Davidson, R. M., & Winey, T. R. (2021). Vitamin C mitigating and rescuing from synergistic toxicity: sodium fluoride, silicofluorides, aluminum salts, electromagnetic pollution, and SARS-CoV-2. International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research, 1(2), 243–282. https://doi.org/10.56098/ijvtpr.v1i2.12
Delong, G. (2011). A positive association found between autism prevalence and childhood vaccination uptake across the US population. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 74(14):903-16. Doi: 10.1080/15287394.2011.573736. PMID: 21623535. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21623535/
Deruelle, F. (2024). Microwave radiofrequencies, 5G, 6G, graphene nanomaterials: Technologies used in neurological warfare. Surgical Neurology International, 15(439), 1. https://doi.org/10.25259/SNI_731_2024
Desai, M. (2022). Pharmacovigilance and spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting: Challenges and opportunities. Perspect Clin Res. 13(4):177-179. Doi: 10.4103/picr.picr_169_22. Epub 2022 Sep 27. PMID: 36337368; PMCID: PMC9635349. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9635349/
Deth, R., Muratore, C., Benzecry, J., Power-Charnitsky, V.A., & Waly, M. (2008). How environmental and genetic factors combine to cause autism: A redox/methylation hypothesis. Neurotoxicology. 29(1):190-201. Doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.09.010. Epub 2007 Oct 13. PMID: 18031821. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18031821/
Dórea, J.G., Farina, M., & Rocha, J.B. (2013). Toxicity of ethylmercury (and Thimerosal): a comparison with methylmercury. J Appl Toxicol. 33(8):700-11. Doi: 10.1002/jat.2855. Epub 2013 Feb 11. PMID: 23401210. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23401210/
Dölen, G., & Bear, M.F. (2009). Fragile x syndrome and autism: from disease model to therapeutic targets. J Neurodev Disord. 1(2):133-40. Doi: 10.1007/s11689-009-9015-x. Epub 2009 May 12. PMID: 21547712; PMCID: PMC3164025. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3164025/
Domazet-Lošo, T. (2022). mRNA vaccines: Why is the biology of retroposition ignored? Genes, 13(5), 719. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/5/719
Dowd, E., Kennedy, R. F., Jr., & de Becker, G. (2024). “Cause Unknown”: The Epidemic of Sudden Deaths in 2021 & 2022 & 2023. Skyhorse Publishing. https://www.skyhorsepublishing.com/9781648210730/cause-unknown/
European Medicines Agency (EMA), A Summary of Product Characteristics. (2020). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/vaxelis-epar-product-information_en.pdf
Exley, C., & Clarkson, E. (2020). Aluminum in human brain tissue from donors without neurodegenerative disease: A comparison with Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and autism. Sci Rep. 10(1):7770. Doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64734-6. PMID: 32385326; PMCID: PMC7211005. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32385326/
Facciolà, A., Visalli, G., Laganà, A., & Di Pietro, A. (2022). An overview of vaccine adjuvants: current evidence and future perspectives. Vaccines (Basel). 10(5):819. Doi: 10.3390/vaccines10050819. PMID: 35632575; PMCID: PMC9147349. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632575/
Fedak, K.M., Bernal, A., Capshaw, Z.A., & Gross, S. (2015). Applying the Bradford Hill criteria in the 21st century: how data integration has changed causal inference in molecular epidemiology. Emerg Themes Epidemiol. 12:14. Doi: 10.1186/s12982-015-0037-4. PMID: 26425136; PMCID: PMC4589117. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4589117/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26425136/
Findik, R. B., Celik, H. T., Ersoy, A. O., Tasci, Y., Moraloglu, O., & Karakaya, J. (2016). Mercury concentration in maternal serum, cord blood, and placenta in patients with amalgam dental fillings: Effects on fetal biometric measurements. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 29(22), 3665–3669. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2016.1140737
Freiberger, S.N., Leuthard, D.S., Duda, A., Contassot, E., Thallmair, M., Kündig, T.M., & Johansen, P. (2018). Intraperitoneal administration of aluminum-based adjuvants produces severe transient systemic adverse events in mice. Eur J Pharm Sci. 115:362-368. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.042. Epub 2018 Feb 2. PMID: 29410031. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29410031/
Gallagher, C.M., & Goodman, M.S. (2010). Hepatitis B vaccination of male neonates and autism diagnosis, NHIS 1997-2002. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 73(24):1665-77. Doi: 10.1080/15287394.2010.519317. PMID: 21058170. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21058170/
Gallagher, R.M., Kirkham, J.J., Mason, J.R., Bird, K.A., Williamson, P.R., Nunn AJ, et al. (2011). Development and Inter-Rater Reliability of the Liverpool Adverse Drug Reaction Causality Assessment Tool. PLOS ONE 6: e28096,51 © 2011. In book: ADRIC: Adverse Drug Reactions in Children – a programme of research using mixed methods. Programme Grants for Applied Research, No. 2.3. Smyth RL, Peak M, Turner MA, et al. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2014 Jun. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK262740/
Garner, J. (2021, February 9). The Control Group: Pilot Survey of unvaccinated Americans. The Control Group, PO Box 1504, Roseville, CA 95678, [email protected]. https://www.thecontrolgroup.org/gallery
Garner, J. (2022). Health versus disorder, disease, and death: Unvaccinated persons are incommensurably healthier than vaccinated. International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research, 2(2), 670–686. https://doi.org/10.56098/ijvtpr.v2i2.40
GBD. (2020, Release 1). Vaccine Coverage Collaborators. Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1. Lancet. 2021 Aug 7;398(10299):503-521. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00984-3. Epub 2021 Jul 21. PMID: 34273291; PMCID: PMC8358924. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8358924/
Geier, D.A., & Geier, M.R. (2004). neurodevelopmental disorders following thimerosal-containing childhood immunizations: a follow-up analysis. International Journal of Toxicology. 23(6):369-376. Doi:10.1080/10915810490902038 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1080/10915810490902038
Geier, D.A., & Geier, M.R. (2007). A case series of children with apparent mercury toxic encephalopathies manifesting with clinical symptoms of regressive autistic disorders. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 70(10):837-51. Doi: 10.1080/15287390701212141. PMID: 17454560. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17454560/
Geier, D.A., Kern, J.K., King, P.G., Sykes, L.K., & Geier, M.R. (2014). A case-control study evaluating the relationship between thimerosal-containing haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine administration and the risk for a pervasive developmental disorder diagnosis in the United States. Biol Trace Elem Res. 163(1-2):28-38. Doi: 10.1007/s12011-014-0169-3. Epub 2014 Nov 11. PMID: 25382662; PMCID: PMC4297306. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4297306/
Geier, D.A., King, P.G., Hooker, B.S., Dórea, J.G., Kern, J.K., Sykes, L.K., & Geier, M.R. (2015). Thimerosal: Clinical, epidemiologic and biochemical studies. Clinica Chimica Acta Vol. 444, Pages 2012-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2015.02.030 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009898115001023
Geoghegan, S., O'Callaghan, K.P., & Offit, P.A. (2020). Vaccine Safety: Myths and Misinformation. Front Microbiol. 11:372. Doi: 0.3389/fmicb.2020.00372. PMID: 32256465; PMCID: PMC7090020. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7090020/
Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 Autism Spectrum Collaborators. (2025). The global epidemiology and health burden of the autism spectrum: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Psychiatry. 2025 Feb;12(2):111-121. Doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(24)00363-8. Epub 2024 Dec 19. PMID: 39709974; PMCID: PMC11750762. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39709974/
Goullé, J.P., & Grangeot-Keros L. (2020). Aluminum and vaccines: Current state of knowledge. Med Mal Infect. 50(1):16-21. Doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.09.012. Epub 2019 Oct 11. PMID: 31611133. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31611133/
Golding, H,, Khurana, S., & Zaitseva, M. (2018). what is the predictive value of animal models for vaccine efficacy in humans? the importance of bridging studies and species-independent correlates of protection. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 10(4): a028902. Doi: 10.1101/cshperspect. a028902. PMID: 28348035; PMCID: PMC5880166. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28348035/
Gołoś, A, & Lutyńska A. (2015). Thimerosal-containing vaccines - a review of the current state of knowledge. Przegl Epidemiol. 69(1):59-64, 157-61. English, Polish. PMID: 25862449. https://www.talkingaboutthescience.com/studies/Golos2015.pdf
Greenwood, B. (2014). The use of placebo in clinical trials. The Lancet 383:9935, P2101-2102. HTTPS://WWW.THELANCET.COM/JOURNALS/LANCET/ARTICLE/PIIS0140-6736(14)60926-0/ABSTRACT
Gutschi, M. (Director). (2022, November 2). Quality issues with mRNA COVID vaccine production [Video recording]. https://www.bitchute.com/video/muB0nrznCAC4/
Havdahl, A., Niarchou, M., Starnawska, A., Uddin M., van der Merwe, C., & Warrier, V. (2021). Genetic contributions to autism spectrum disorder. Psychol Med. 51(13):2260-2273. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721000192. Epub 2021 Feb 26. PMID: 33634770; PMCID: PMC8477228. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33634770/
Haley, B. E. (2005). Mercury toxicity: Genetic susceptibility and synergistic effects. Medical Veritas: The Journal of Medical Truth, 2, 535–542. https://doi.org/10.1588/medver.2005.02.00070
Holmes, A.S., Blaxill, M.F., & Haley, B.E. (2003). Reduced levels of mercury in first baby haircuts of autistic children. Int J Toxicol. 22(4):277-85. Doi: 10.1080/10915810305120. PMID: 12933322. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12933322/
Hooker, B.S. (2018). Reanalysis of CDC Data on Autism Incidence and Time of First MMR Vaccination. Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons Volume 23, Number 4: 105-9. https://www.jpands.org/vol23no4/hooker.pdf
Hooker, B., Kern, J., Geier, D., Haley, B., Sykes, L, King, P, & Geier, M. (2014). Methodological issues and evidence of malfeasance in research purporting to show thimerosal in vaccines is safe. Biomed Res Int. 2014:247218. Doi: 10.1155/2014/247218. Epub 2014 Jun 4. PMID: 24995277; PMCID: PMC4065774. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24995277/
Hooker, B.S., & Miller, N.Z. (2020). Analysis of health outcomes in vaccinated and unvaccinated children: Developmental delays, asthma, ear infections and gastrointestinal disorders. SAGE Open Med. 8:2050312120925344. Doi: 10.1177/2050312120925344. PMID: 32537156; PMCID: PMC7268563. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7268563/
Hurley, A.M., Tadrous, M., & Miller, E.S. (2010). Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism: a review of recent epidemiologic studies. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 15(3):173-81. PMID: 22477809; PMCID: PMC3018252. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3018252/
Hviid, A,, Stellfeld, M., Wohlfahrt, J., & Melbye, M. (2003). Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism. JAMA. 290(13):1763–1766. doi:10.1001/jama.290.13.1763. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/197365
ICAN. (2023). None of the vaccine doses the CDC recommends for routine injection into children were licensed by the FDA based on a long-term placebo-controlled trial. https://icandecide.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/no-placebo-101823.pdf
Igbokwe, I.O., Igwenagu, E., & Igbokwe, N.A. (2019). Aluminum toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects. Interdiscip Toxicol. 12(2):45-70. Doi: 10.2478/intox-2019-0007. Epub 2020 Feb 20. PMID: 32206026; PMCID: PMC7071840. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7071840/
Jablonowski, K., & Hooker, B. (2024). Adverse outcomes are increased with exposure to added combinations of infant vaccines. International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research, 3(2), 1103–1111. https://doi.org/10.56098/xfzkf650
Jagetia, G. C. (2022). Genotoxic effects of electromagnetic field radiations from mobile phones. Environmental Research, 212, 113321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113321
Kang, J.H., Lee, H.J., Kim, K.H., Oh, S.H., Cha, S.H., Lee, J., Kim, N.H., Eun, B.W., Kim, C.H., Hong, Y.J., Kim, H.H., Lee, K.Y., Kim, Y.J., Cho, E.Y., Kim, H.S., Guitton, F., & Ortiz, E. (2016). The immunogenicity and safety of a combined DTaP-IPV//Hib vaccine compared with individual DTaP-IPV and Hib (PRP~T) vaccines: a randomized clinical trial in South Korean infants. J Korean Med Sci. 31(9):1383-91. Doi: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.9.1383. PMID: 27510380; PMCID: PMC4974178. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4974178/
Kaufmann, W.E., Kidd, S.A., Andrews, H.F., Budimirovic, D.B., Esler, A., Haas-Givler, B., Stackhouse, T., Riley, C., Peacock, G., Sherman, S.L., Brown, W.T., & Berry-Kravis, E. (2017). Autism Spectrum Disorder in Fragile X Syndrome: Cooccurring Conditions and Current Treatment. Pediatrics. 139(Suppl 3): S194-S206. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-1159F. PMID: 28814540; PMCID: PMC5619699. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5619699/
Kennedy, Jr., R. F. (2014). Thimerosal: Let the Science Speak: The Evidence Supporting the Immediate Removal of Mercury—A Known Neurotoxin—From Vaccines (M. D. Harman & M. R. Herbert, Eds.). https://www.amazon.com/Thimerosal-Evidence-Supporting-Immediate-Neurotoxin/dp/1634504429
Kennedy, Jr., R. F. (2021). The Real Anthony Fauci: Bill Gates, Big Pharma, and the Global War on Democracy and Public Health. Skyhorse. https://www.amazon.com/s?k=the+real+anthony+fauci+robert+f+kennedy+jr+book&crid=5ZXMNU0B59V
Kennedy, Jr., R. F. (2024). The Wuhan Cover-Up: And the Terrifying Bioweapons Arms Race. Skyhorse Publishing. https://www.skyhorsepublishing.com/9781510773981/the-wuhan-cover-up/
Kern, J.K., Haley, B.E., Geier, D.A., Sykes, L.K.,, King, P.G., & Geier, M.R. (2013). Thimerosal exposure and the role of sulfation chemistry and thiol availability in autism. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 10(8):3771-800. doi: 10.3390/ijerph10083771. PMID: 23965928; PMCID: PMC3774468. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23965928/
Kiros, T.G., Levast, B., Auray, G., Strom, S., van Kessel, J., & Gerdts, V. (2012). The importance of animal models in the development of vaccines. Innovation in Vaccinology. 29:251–64. Doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4543-8_11. PMCID: PMC7121941. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-4543-8_11
Kozikowska, I., Binkowski, Ł. J., Szczepańska, K., Sławska, H., Miszczuk, K., Śliwińska, M., Łaciak, T., & Stawarz, R. (2013). Mercury concentrations in human placenta, umbilical cord, cord blood and amniotic fluid and their relations with body parameters of newborns. Environmental Pollution, 182, 256–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.030
Lazarus, R., Klompas, M., Bernstein, S., & Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. (2010). Electronic Support for Public Health–Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (ESP:VAERS) (Grant Report to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Grant ID: R18 HS 017045; p. 7). Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. x
Lewis, D. (2020). The autism biosolids conundrum. International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research, 1(1), 51–74. https://doi.org/10.56098/ijvtpr.v1i1.4
Li, X., Qu, F., Xie, W., Wang, F., Liu, H., Song, S., Chen, T., Zhang, Y., Zhu, S., Wang, Y., Guo, C., & Tang, T-S. (2014). Transcriptomic analyses of neurotoxic effects in mouse brain after intermittent neonatal administration of thimerosal, Toxicological Sciences, 139(2), June 2014, pp.452–465. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfu049
Lyons-Weiler, J. (2025). assessing the quality of epidemiologic studies informing public health vaccination policies: a systematic review using the Objective Evaluation Score (OES). International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research, 4(1).
Lyons-Weiler, J., Fujito, A., & Pajer, B. (2021). Maternal gestational TDaP vaccination and autism: A critique of Bbecerra-Culqui et al. (2018). International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research, 2(1), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.56098/ijvtpr.v2i1.39
Lötjönen, J., Kurra, V., Laivuori, H. and Bjelogrlić, N. (2025), Broadening the Phenotype Spectrum of MECP2 Variants in Men. Mol Genet Genomic Med, 13: e70056. https://doi.org/10.1002/mgg3.70056
Mahboubi, A., Fazeli, M.R., Samadi, N., Dinarvand, R., & Azadi, S. (2012). Evaluation of thimerosal removal on immunogenicity of aluminum salts adjuvanted recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Iran J Pharm Res. 11(1):39-46. PMID: 25317183; PMCID: PMC3876573. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3876573/
Martinez, C. S., Escobar, A. G., Uranga-Ocio, J. A., Peçanha, F. M., Vassallo, D. V., Exley, C., Miguel, M., & Wiggers, G. A. (2017). Aluminum exposure for 60days at human dietary levels impairs spermatogenesis and sperm quality in rats. Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 73, 128–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.008
Martinez, C. S., Piagette, J. T., Escobar, A. G., Martín, Á., Palacios, R., Peçanha, F. M., Vassallo, D. V., Exley, C., Alonso, M. J., Miguel, M., Salaices, M., & Wiggers, G. A. (2017). Aluminum exposure at human dietary levels promotes vascular dysfunction and increases blood pressure in rats: A concerted action of NAD(P)H oxidase and COX-2. Toxicology, 390, 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2017.08.004
Mawson, A.R., Ray, B.R., Bhuiyan, A.R., & Jacob, B. (2017). Pilot comparative study on the health of vaccinated and unvaccinated 6- to 12-year-old US children. Open access text. J Transl Sci DOI: 10.15761/JTS.1000186 https://www.oatext.com/Pilot-comparative-study-on-the-health-of-vaccinated-and-unvaccinated-6-to-12-year-old-U-S-children.php
Mawson, A.R., & Jacob, B. (2025). Vaccination and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Study of Nine-Year-Old Children Enrolled in Medicaid. Science, Public Health Policy & the Law v6.2019-2025 https://publichealthpolicyjournal.com/vaccination-and-neurodevelopmental-disorders-a-study-of-nine-year-old-children-enrolled-in-medicaid/?s=35
Mead, M. N., Seneff, S., Rose, J., Wolfinger, R., McCullough, P. A., & Hulscher, N. (2024). COVID-19 modified mRNA “vaccines”: Lessons learned from clinical trials, mass vaccination, and the bio-pharmaceutical complex, part 2. International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research, 3(2), 1275–1344. https://doi.org/10.56098/w66wjg87
Mead, M. N., Seneff, S., Wolfinger, R., Rose, J., Denhaerynck, K., Kirsch, S., & McCullough, P. A. (2024). COVID-19 modified mRNA “vaccines”: Lessons learned from clinical trials, mass vaccination, and the bio-pharmaceutical complex, part 1. International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research, 3(2), 1112–1178. https://doi.org/10.56098/fdrasy50
Mirza, A., King, A., Troakes, C., Exley, C. (2017). Aluminum in brain tissue in familial Alzheimer's disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 40:30-36. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.12.001. Epub 2016 Dec 9. PMID: 28159219. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28159219/
Mohammed, S.A., Rajashekar, S., Ravindran S.G., Kakarla, M., Gambo, M.A., Salama, M.Y., Ismail N.H., Tavalla P., Uppal P., & Hamid P. (2022). Does Vaccination Increase the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder? Cureus. 14(8): e27921. doi: 10.7759/cureus.27921. PMID: 36110492; PMCID: PMC9464417. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9464417/
Mold, M., Umar, D., King, A, & Exley, C. (2018). Aluminum in brain tissue in autism. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 46:76-82. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.11.012. Epub 2017 Nov 26. PMID: 29413113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29413113/
National Research Council (US) Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants. Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1994. 4, Assessment of Toxicity. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK208246/
Oller, J. W. (2021). Weaponized pathogens and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research, 1(2), 172–208. https://doi.org/10.56098/ijvtpr.v1i2.16
Oller, J. W., & Oller, S. D. (2010). Autism: The Diagnosis, Treatment, & Etiology of the Undeniable Epidemic (1st ed.). Jones & Bartlett Publishers. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251231780_Autism_The_diagnosis_treatment_and_etiology_of_the_undeniable_epidemic_Sudbury_MA_Jones_and_Bartlett_Publishers
Oller, J. W., Oller, S. D., & Badon, L. C. (2025). Cases: Introducing Communication Disorders Across the Life Span. Plural Publishing, Inc. 2010 at https://www.pluralpublishing.com/publications/cases-introducing-communication-disorders-across-the-lifespan, now on ResearchGate at https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33402.61124
Oller, J. W., & Rascón, D. (1999). Applying sign theory to autism. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 13(2), 77–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/026992099299176 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298822042_Applying_sign_theory_to_autism
Parker, S.K., Schwartz, B., Todd, J., & Pickering, L.K. (2004). Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Critical Review of Published Original Data. Pediatrics September 114 (3): 793–804. 10.1542/peds.2004-0434 https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-abstract/114/3/793/67190/Thimerosal-Containing-Vaccines-and-Autistic?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Pelech, S., & Shaw, C. A. (2024). Down the COVID-19 Rabbit Hole. Skyhorse Publishing. https://www.amazon.com/Down-COVID-19-Rabbit-Hole-Independent/dp/1510779590
Perkel, J. M. (2017). How to hack the genome. Nature, 547(7664), 477–479. https://doi.org/10.1038/547477a
Principi, N., & Esposito, S. (2018). Aluminum in vaccines: Does it create a safety problem? Vaccine. 36(39):5825-5831. Doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.036. Epub 2018 Aug 20. PMID: 30139653. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30139653/
Rid, A., Saxena, A., Baqui, A.H., Bhan, A., Bines, J., Bouesseau, M.C., Caplan, A., Colgrove, J., Dhai, A., Gomez-Diaz, R., Green, S.K., Kang, G., Lagos, R., Loh, P, London, A.J., Mulholland, K., Neels, P., Pitisuttithum, P., Sarr, S.C., Selgelid, M., Sheehan, M., & Smith, P.G.. (2014). Placebo use in vaccine trials: recommendations of a WHO expert panel. Vaccine. 32(37):4708-12. Doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.022. Epub 2014 Apr 25. PMID: 24768580; PMCID: PMC4157320. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24768580/
Rodriguez-Gomez, D.A., Garcia-Guaqueta, D.P., Charry-Sánchez, J.D., et al. (2021). A systematic review of common genetic variation and biological pathways in autism spectrum disorder. Neurosci 22, 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-021-00662-z https://bmcneurosci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12868-021-00662-z#citeas
Rossignol, D.A., Genuis, S.J., & Frye, R.E. (2014). Environmental toxicants and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry. 4(2): e360. Doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.4. PMID: 24518398; PMCID: PMC3944636. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3944636/
Rylaarsdam, L, & Guemez-Gamboa, A. (2019). Genetic Causes and Modifiers of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Cell Neurosci. 13:385. Doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00385. PMID: 31481879; PMCID: PMC6710438. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31481879/
Sanchez, J. A. T., Lopez, P. J. T., Marcos, M. L. T., Soler, M. G., Agudo, S. G., & Manent, J. I. R. (2024). Benefits of smoking cessation. MEDICINA BALEAR, 39(5). https://doi.org/10.3306/AJHS.2024.39.05.83
Seneff, S., Kyriakopoulos A.M., Nigh, G. (2024) Is autism a PIN1 deficiency syndrome? A proposed etiological role for glyphosate. J Neurochem. 168(9): 2124-2146. doi: 10.1111/jnc.16140. Epub 2024 May 29. PMID: 38808598. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38808598/
Sharpe, M.A., & Gist, T.L. (2013). Baskin DS. B-lymphocytes from a population of children with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings exhibit hypersensitivity to thimerosal. J Toxicol. 2013:801517. Doi: 10.1155/2013/801517. Epub 2013 Jun 9. PMID: 23843785; PMCID: PMC3697751. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3697751/
Sharma, H., Marthak, K., Parekh, S., Pujari, P., Shewale, S., Desai, S, Patel, A., Rao, H., Gairola, S., & Shaligram, U. (2023). A Phase I study to evaluate safety and tolerability of DTaP-IPV + Hib vaccine in healthy adult volunteers in India. Vaccine X, Vol 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100300 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136223000414
Shaw, C. A. (2021). Dispatches from the Vaccine Wars. Skyhorse Publishing. https://www.skyhorsepublishing.com/9781510758506/dispatches-from-the-vaccine-wars/
Shaw, C. A., & Tomljenovic, L. (2013). Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): Toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity. Immunologic Research, 56(2–3), 304–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-013-8403-1
Shoenfeld, Y., & Agmon-Levin, N. (2011). 'ASIA' - autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. J Autoimmun. 36(1):4-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.07.003. Epub 2010 Aug 13. PMID: 20708902. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20708902/
Speicher, D., Rose, J., Gutschi, L., Wiseman, D., & McKernan, K. (2023). DNA fragments detected in monovalent and bivalent Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna modRNA COVID-19 vaccines from Ontario, Canada: Exploratory dose response relationship with serious adverse events. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374870815_Speicher_DJ_et_al_DNA_fragments_detected_in_COVID-19_vaccines_in_Canada_DNA_fragments_detected_in_monovalent_and_bivalent/figures
Spinazzi, N.A., Santoro, J.D., Pawlowski, K., Anzueto, G., Howe, Y.J., Patel, L.R., & Baumer, N.T. (2023). Co-occurring conditions in children with Down syndrome and autism: a retrospective study. J Neurodev Disord. 15(1):9. Doi: 10.1186/s11689-023-09478-w. PMID: 36864370; PMCID: PMC9979529. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9979529/
Taylor, L.E., Swerdfeger, A.L., Eslick, G.D. (2014). Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Vaccine. 32(29):3623-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085. Epub 2014 May 9. PMID: 24814559. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24814559/
Teófilo, V.S.G., Pinho, P.R.A., Cordeiro, G.J., Saldanha, N.A.F., Matos, P.M.M., Ribeiro, R.A.M., Moreira, S.M., Miller, M.S.F., Dias, A.R.M., Couto, M.F.R., & Norton, P.M.P.N.S. (2023). Spontaneous reporting of adverse reactions associated with the COVID-19 vaccine in health care professionals: A descriptive observational study conducted in a Portuguese hospital. Porto Biomed J. 8(3): e219. Doi: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000219. PMID: 37383526; PMCID: PMC10299789. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10299789/
Tervaert, J.W.C., Martinez-Lavin, M., Jara, L.J., Halpert, G., Watad, A., Amital, H., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2023). Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) in 2023. Autoimmun Rev. 22(5):103287. Doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103287. Epub 2023 Feb 3. PMID: 36738954. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36738954/
Tomljenovic, L, & Shaw, C.A. (2011). Do aluminum vaccine adjuvants contribute to the rising prevalence of autism? J Inorg Biochem. 105(11):1489-99. Doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.08.008. Epub 2011 Aug 23. PMID: 22099159. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22099159/
Tomljenovic, L., & Shaw, C.A. (2012). Mechanisms of aluminum adjuvant toxicity and autoimmunity in paediatric populations. Lupus. 21(2):223-30. Doi: 10.1177/0961203311430221. PMID: 22235057. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22235057/
Tomljenovic, L., & McHenry, L.B. (2024). A reactogenic “placebo” and the ethics of informed consent in Gardasil HPV vaccine clinical trials: A case study from Denmark. International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine. 35(2):159-180. Doi:10.3233/JRS-230032. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38788092/
Turville, C., & Golden, I. (2015). Letter to the Editor: Autism and vaccination: The value of the evidence base of a recent meta-analysis. Vaccine Volume 33, Issue 42: 5494-5496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.002
Uno, Y., Uchiyama, T., Kurosawa, M., Aleksic, B., & Ozaki, N. (2015). Early exposure to the combined measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and thimerosal-containing vaccines and risk of autism spectrum disorder. Vaccine. 33(21):2511-6. Doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.036. Epub 2015 Jan 3. PMID: 25562790. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25562790/
van't Veen, A.J. (2001). Vaccines without thimerosal: why so necessary, why so long coming? Drugs. 61(5): 565-72. Doi: 10.2165/00003495-200161050-00002. PMID: 11368282. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11368282/
Weston, A., & Harris, C.C. (2003). Assessment of Causation by the Bradford-Hill Criteria. In Book: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine. 6th edition, Kufe, D.W., Pollock, R.E., Weichselbaum, R.R., et al., editors. Hamilton (ON): BC Decker; 2003. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK13302/
WHO Ad Hoc Expert Group on the Next Steps for COVID-19 Vaccine Evaluation. (2021). Placebo-controlled trials of COVID-19 vaccines — why we still need them. N Engl J Med 384: e2, Published December 2, 2020, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2033538 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2033538.
World Health Organization. (2004). Who Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 926:1-109. PMID: 15918537. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15918537/
Wu, Y.S., Osman, A.I., Hosny, M., Elgarahy, A.M., Eltaweil, A.S., Rooney, D.W., Chen, Z., Rahim, N.S., Sekar, M., Gopinath, S.C.B., Rani, N.N.I.M., Batumalaie, K., & Yap, P-S. (2024). The Toxicity of Mercury and Its Chemical Compounds: Molecular Mechanisms and Environmental and Human Health Implications: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Omega 9(5):5100-5126. Doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07047. PMID: 38343989; PMCID: PMC10851382. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38343989/
Yaamika, H., Muralidas, D., & Elumalai, K. (2023). Review of adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines, highlighting their frequencies and reported cases. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 18(6):1646-1661. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.08.004. PMID: 37732332; PMCID: PMC10507236. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/P
Yang, J., Jiang, Z., Wang, Y., Qureshi, I. A., & Wu, X. D. (1997). Maternal-fetal transfer of metallic mercury via the placenta and milk. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, 27(2), 135–141. http://www.annclinlabsci.org/content/27/2/135.short
Yokel, R.A., McNamara, P.J. (2001). Aluminum toxicokinetics: an updated minireview. Pharmacol Toxicol. 88(4): 159-67. Doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0773. 2001.d01-98. x. PMID: 11322172. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1132
Zhang, L., Richards, A., Barrasa, M. I., Hughes, S. H., Young, R. A., & Jaenisch, R. (2021). Reverse-transcribed SARS-CoV-2 RNA can integrate into the genome of cultured human cells and can be expressed in patient-derived tissues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(21). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105968118
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nina Bjelogrlic
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The copyright for materials in this journal, IJVTPR, is owned by the author. The author, however, grants first right of publication to the journal, IJVTPR and assures the editorial staff of the journal that the work submitted has not simultaneously been submitted to any other journal, nor is it under consideration for publication by any other journal. If any portion of the work submitted has appeared elsewhere, the quoted material is properly cited and credit is given to the original publisher. The submitting author (or the principal and corresponding author of the work) also assures the editors of IJVTPR that he or she has obtained all required written permissions from any quoted authors or publishers of quoted materials. The submitting author also agrees to hold IJVTPR and its editorial staff harmless from any infractions of copyright law that may be discovered at any time in the future in the submitted work. The author assures the editorial staff at IJVTPR that none of the work submitted is plagiarized, and that any recycled or precycled material by the author is identified as such with proper credits in the text to any other parties holding a copyright interest in the quoted material.